Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Wild Licorice

Artist: Sarah Red-Laird

Title: Bee Habitat in Cyanotype 25

Location: 777 Bison Ranch, South Dakota

Project: Bison & Bee Habitat

Flower: Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Wild Licorice

Bee(s) in cyanotype: Apis mellifera, Honey bee; Bombus, Bumble bee

Materials: Cyanotype, barnwood

Field Season: 2023

Composed: 2023

In the summer of 2022 I met the bison and their people at 777 Bison Ranch. My goal was to collect bee pollen for two days (for a project I was working on) and then continue on down the road. But I became stuck in a tar pit of wonder and I couldn’t move.

I ended up taking refuge at the ranch for about a week. Mimi, Moritz, Cody, and Justin were so kind, hospitable, and interested in my work.

I threw my project out the window and started devising a whole new way to look at the landscape.

In 2019 researchers found that the 777 Bison Ranch, unique for their approach utilizing adaptive multi-paddock grazing, boasted improved fine litter cover, improved water infiltration, two to three times the available forage biomass, improved plant composition, and decreased invasive plant levels and bare ground, relative to both light and heavy continuous grazing (Hillenbrand et al, 2019).

We believe the aforementioned attributes of bison grazing could provide excellent habitat for bees, and we would like to deepen our understanding of this dynamic.

We plan to understand the potentially synergistic or mutualistic interactions between honey bees, native bees, and bison by installing multi-year vegetation and pollinator monitoring areas at the 777 Bison Ranch. These efforts will examine:

🦬 Bee nesting frequency – examine the presence/absence of soil nesting bee sites in areas grazed by bison,

🦬 Bee habitat – identify the full complement of flowering forb species in the study area, and determine which forbs support pollinators while avoiding consumption by bison,

🦬 Bee communities – comprehensive sampling the of native bee species (including soil, stem/twig, wood, hive, and cavity nesting bees) using different passive and active trapping methods,

🦬 Pollen availability and nutritional content in flowers (joint project with USDA Tucson Bee Lab).

Learn more about 777 and their holistic practices here.

The 777 Bison Ranch is host to many honey bee apiaries belonging to a local beekeeper. They purchase the honey from the beekeeper and sell it in their online shop, and in their storefront in Rapid City, SD.

Honey bees are common around the ranch and especially love the introduced plants like alfalfa, sweetclover, sand lucerne. But they also love native plants like sunflower, prairie clover, and wild licorice. This plant also plays host to a variety of bumble bee species.

This plant is in the genus Fabaceae, the bean and pea family. It’s native to North America and loves to grow in moist, sandy soils. It’s often a pioneer species in alkaline areas. I found this plant growing in an old bison wallow, which makes perfect sense.

It has long roots that are sweet to taste and enjoyed pocket gophers and people!

From the Putah Creek Council: All parts of our Wild licorice were used medicinally for a diversity of ailments by many native North American tribes, including coughs, fever and chewed for toothaches or by infants during teething. The plant contains a substance called Glycyrrhizin (named for the genus) that is 50 times sweeter than sugar where the highest concentration is found in the root. When slow roasted the long, sweet, fleshy roots are said to taste like sweet potatoes.